What are Optical 바카라사이트 캡틴s?
Optical 바카라사이트 캡틴s are hair-thin strands of glass or plastic that transmit light over distances just like wires carry electricity. They're used extensively in telecommunications, datacomm, laser beam delivery, sensing, medical applications, and more.
바카라사이트 캡틴 optics have had a huge impact on modern life. In fact, the words you’re reading right now were almost certainly transmitted through 바카라사이트 캡틴 optics during at least some of their journey from a web server to your device.
Beyond telecommunications, 바카라사이트 캡틴 optics are also used in many other ways, including laser beam delivery in surgical systems and high-power industrial laser systems. They are also components in navigational systems and sensing systems for buildings, bridges, and power plants. There are numerous other specialized uses, too.
Operating principles
A 바카라사이트 캡틴 optic cable functions in very much the same way as a water pipe. Light goes in one end and comes out the other. And, just like a water pipe, the path the 바카라사이트 캡틴 takes can be long – literally several kilometers – and can go through bends and curves. This property provides tremendous flexibility (literally!) in terms of the way 바카라사이트 캡틴s can be implemented in a system. Together with the ability to transmit light over even long distances with very low loss, this accounts for the widespread utilization and commercial success of 바카라사이트 캡틴 optics.
The underlying operating mechanism of an optical 바카라사이트 캡틴 is actually quite simple. The most basic optical 바카라사이트 캡틴 consists of a circular cross-section core surrounded by a second material, called the cladding, having a lower index of refraction.
Light introduced into one end of the 바카라사이트 캡틴 at the proper angle will travel through the core and stay contained within it until it emerges out the other end. This happens because of total internal reflection. This occurs when light traveling in a material encounters an interface to a second medium with a lower index of refraction. If the light hits the interface at a low enough angle it is completely reflected – none of the light escapes. Anyone who has looked up at the surface when underwater experiences the same phenomenon. You can see directly above you, but as you try look at the surface at angles far enough from straight up, you can’t see out.
While conceptually simple, real-world 바카라사이트 캡틴s are actually quite sophisticated, both in terms of their design and fabrication. This is necessary to meet the various performance and cost targets for specific applications.
바카라사이트 캡틴 types
바카라사이트 캡틴 optics can be classified by the markets they service, as well as by various performance or construction characteristics. The simplest grouping is by application; and that typically breaks down into telecommunications/datacomm and then everything else. That latter group is often referred to as “specialty 바카라사이트 캡틴s.”
In terms of design and functionality, there are several different basic types of 바카라사이트 캡틴s, and countless design variations within those types, which are described below. Often, a 바카라사이트 캡틴 may belong to several of these groups. For example, a single-mode 바카라사이트 캡틴 may be polarization maintaining, and also ultrafast.
바카라사이트 캡틴 Type |
Ch바카라사이트 캡틴acteristics and Use |
Single-mode |
Single-mode fibers have a core diameter that is so small that only the lowest (and physically smallest) transverse mode can propagate. This impacts performance in several ways. For telecommunications applications, it reduces fiber attenuation and dispersion. This is why single-mode fiber is the most widely used type for long-haul telecommunications. The output of a single-mode fiber can be focused to the smallest possible spot size. This makes them useful for many scientific and industrial laser applications, particularly in the construction of fiber lasers. |
Multi-mode |
These have core diameters large enough to permit higher-order transverse modes to travel through the 바카라사이트 캡틴. This typically enables them to transmit more optical power, but they also suffer from higher dispersion. They’re also typically less costly to manufacture than single-mode 바카라사이트 캡틴s. Together, these characteristics make them popular for short-haul datacomm applications. They’re also widely used for beam delivery with higher-power lasers in materials processing, surgical, and spectroscopic applications. |
Pol바카라사이트 캡틴ization maintaining |
Normally, birefringence within an optical fiber scrambles the input polarization as it travels down the cable. Pol바카라사이트 캡틴ization maintaining fiber is intended for applications where this isn’t desirable. This includes some high-end networking applications, laser amplifiers, IFOGs, and many sensing systems. Pol바카라사이트 캡틴ization maintaining fibers aren’t designed to eliminate birefringence. Instead, they are single-mode fibers constructed to maximize it in a very specific way. The result is that power doesn’t couple from one polarization state to the other as it propagates; this maintains the input state of polarization. |
Sensing 바카라사이트 캡틴s |
Sensing 바카라사이트 캡틴s is really a category based more on application than design, although these most frequently use a pure silica core construction. It’s also common for sensing fibers to utilize materials and designs which deliver a high degree of thermal, chemical, and hydrogen resistance. Most fiber sensors for temperature, pressure, flow, acoustics, and strain are based on signals derived from Brillouin or Rayleigh scattering along the length of the fiber, or from Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) embedded at specific locations. |
Laser and amplifier |
These are “active 바카라사이트 캡틴s” that form the basis of 바카라사이트 캡틴 lasers and several other types of light amplifiers. They incorporate a dopant to produce laser action (light amplification) along the 바카라사이트 캡틴 length. Usually, pump light is coupled into the cladding, and this energy is used to amplify seed light introduced into the 바카라사이트 캡틴 end. It’s common for them to be produced with an accompanying passive beam delivery 바카라사이트 캡틴 which is specially matched to the active 바카라사이트 캡틴. The passive 바카라사이트 캡틴 maintains the optical characteristics of the light from the active 바카라사이트 캡틴 and provides the highest possible transmission and power handling capabilities – often well into the multi-kW level. |
Ultrafast |
This includes both active and passive 바카라사이트 캡틴s specifically designed for use with short pulsewidths and high peak powers. Applications include ultrafast 바카라사이트 캡틴 lasers, chirped pulse amplification, narrow linewidth amplifiers, and frequency doubling. There are many different design forms for ultrafast 바카라사이트 캡틴s depending upon the specific use. But they all commonly require tight polarization and dispersion control, high beam quality, and low photodarkening. |
How are 바카라사이트 캡틴 optics made?
A single 바카라사이트 캡틴 optic cable that might be kilometers long starts out as a glass tube of only a meter or two in length. A chemical process is used to transform the material on the inside diameter of the tube and increase its refractive index. Then, the tube is collapsed down into a solid cylinder, and piece from the center of this rod is cut out to make what is called a preform.
The preform is placed into a drawing tower. It’s heated until it softens and then end is pulled to form a thin strand. The strand is continuously wound over pullies to produce the cable. A polymer coating is applied to the outside of the 바카라사이트 캡틴 during this process. This will make the finished 바카라사이트 캡틴 more robust and easier to handle.
Some optical 바카라사이트 캡틴s are not circularly symmetric. An example of this would be “panda” type polarization maintaining 바카라사이트 캡틴s. A more complex series of steps are used to build the preforms for these types of 바카라사이트 캡틴s.
Coherent offers an extensive and diverse range of specialty 바카라사이트 캡틴s including laser and amplifier 바카라사이트 캡틴s, high-power laser beam delivery 바카라사이트 캡틴s, 바카라사이트 캡틴s optimized for medical applications, 바카라사이트 캡틴s for sensing applications, and much more. We can customize 바카라사이트 캡틴s to meet specific customer needs and integrate them into 바카라사이트 캡틴 assemblies, including connectors, optics, and more.