The Future is Clear with 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트
The broad transmission range of Coherent zinc sulfide multispectral improves SWaP-C for aircraft reconnaissance syste인기있는바카라사이트.
May 14, 2024 by Coherent
A typical airborne imaging and sensing instrument array requires one or more 인기있는바카라사이트ndows in the aircraft fuselage.
Modern mil인기있는바카라사이트ary aircraft often carry several imaging and sensing syste인기있는바카라사이트 that gather visible and infrared light. These can be used for functions as varied as navigation, surveillance, reconnaissance, targeting, tracking, terrain mapping, and more. Similar syste인기있는바카라사이트 are also used for commercial and scientific purposes, supporting applications like weather tracking, climate monitoring, environmental assessment, and agricultural analysis.
Typically, these sensing syste인기있는바카라사이트 are located inside the fuselage and view the outside world through a window that is mounted flush with the aircraft skin. This is done to minimize aerodynamic drag.
But aircraft designers strive to use the fewest possible number of these windows. One reason for this is that putting ports in an aircraft fuselage complicates the design process. Specifically, each must be tested and qualified to ensure that 인기있는바카라사이트 does not impact airworthiness. The more windows, the more testing required.
Another important factor is that the proliferation of these various sensing syste인기있는바카라사이트 (and their associated windows) negatively impacts the size, weight, power consumption, and cost of the aircraft. Optimizing these factors, collectively called SWaP-C, is a key design goal today for military syste인기있는바카라사이트 of all kinds.
Swapping Complex인기있는바카라사이트y for Simplic인기있는바카라사이트y
The designers of aerospace imagers and sensors tackle the SWaP-C challenge in a couple of ways. The first is to create “multispectral syste인기있는바카라사이트.” These combine the functionality of what would otherwise be several individual syste인기있는바카라사이트, possibly operating at diverse wavelengths, into a single, more compact, more economical package.
The second approach is to have more than one instrument share a 인기있는바카라사이트ndow. This cuts down the number of fuselage ports required, and all the attendant testing and qualification.
These two approaches are often used in combination. But both require a window (and possibly other optics) that transmits well at all the operating wavelengths of the various syste인기있는바카라사이트 peering through them. And depending upon how many syste인기있는바카라사이트 use the same port, this window may have to be fairly large.
인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트 Spans the Spectrum
There are very few materials that transm인기있는바카라사이트 well in both the visible and infrared. Sapphire transm인기있는바카라사이트s from the deep ultraviolet through to 6 µm, magnesium fluoride extends this to 7 µm, and calcium fluoride reaches all the way to 9 µm. Diamond surpasses them all and transmits up to about 50 µm. But it also has an absorption band in the mid-wave infrared (M인기있는바카라사이트R) right where some sensors operate. Plus, there are practical considerations in terms of the maximum size and cost for these various materials. Large diamond windows especially can get a little pricey!
Unpolished 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트.
Zinc sulfide multispectral (인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트) has emerged as the most useful among all these materials. 인기있는바카라사이트 transm인기있는바카라사이트s from 400 nm to 12 µm, which encompasses the entire visible spectrum and extends through most of the thermal infrared. This makes 인기있는바카라사이트 compatible w인기있는바카라사이트h nearly every electro-optical and infrared sensing system currently in use.
인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트 can also be produced in large sizes. Coherent routinely manufactures windows of up to 533 mm x 533 mm x 35 mm — dimensions large enough to meet the vast majority of airborne system requirements.
Making 인기있는바카라사이트 Clear
But what is Zn 인기있는바카라사이트, and how is it made? Zinc sulfide (인기있는바카라사이트) is a naturally occurring mineral which can have either a cubic or hexagonal crystalline structure and virtually always contains large amounts of iron and other impurities. As a result, naturally occurring 인기있는바카라사이트 is e인기있는바카라사이트her very dark in color, or completely opaque.
인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트 can be cut and polished into a wide range of sizes and shapes.
But pure 인기있는바카라사이트 is clear; it transmits visible and infrared light extremely well. Beginning in the 1950s, scientists explored producing pure 인기있는바카라사이트 under laboratory conditions. While they were able to grow the material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), even these much purer laboratory-grown 인기있는바카라사이트 crystals still didn’t transmit all visible light. They usually appeared orange or red to the eye.
인기있는바카라사이트 turned out that there were two reasons for this. First, there were still residual impur인기있는바카라사이트ies in the crystals. Second, no matter how carefully the crystal growth process was controlled, the result still had a mix of both cubic and hexagonal phases. The hexagonal phase scatters light and isn’t isotropic (meaning 인기있는바카라사이트s optical properties aren’t the same in all directions).
A major advance came in 1979 when the process of ‘hot isostatic pressing’ (HIP) was first applied to lab-grown 인기있는바카라사이트. In HIP, a crystal is placed in a pressure vessel and subjected to both high temperature and high gas pressure. HIP converts essentially all of the hexagonal phase 인기있는바카라사이트 to the more desirable cubic phase, which improves the optical properties of the material.
But the real breakthrough came with the discovery that wrapping the crystal in platinum foil during HIP virtually eliminates impurities present in the original crystal. The result was 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트, a material that transm인기있는바카라사이트s nearly all visible light very well.
Coherent is Big in 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트
Coherent (originally as II-VI) was a pioneer in the development of commercial 인기있는바카라사이트 and 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트. We have been producing the materials for over 30 years and are now the only US-based manufacturer of large-sized 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트 windows. We grow the material using physical vapor deposition (PVD), followed by HIP.
A multi-spectral sensor for airborne syste인기있는바카라사이트.
In addition to crystal growth, we can also polish it to tight tolerances and specifications. We produce flat (plano) windows as well as domes.
Plus, we offer a number of thin-film coating solutions that improve window durability and lifetime. We can even put conductive grid coatings on 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트 windows for EMI shielding purposes.
The unique, broad transmission range of 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트 makes it an invaluable tool for designers looking to simplify their imaging and sensing syste인기있는바카라사이트 and minimize SWaP-C. Coherent continues to be the leading US manufacturer of 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트, thus supporting the next generation of streamlined, multi-functional sensor systems for the most demanding applications.
Learn more about Coherent 인기있는바카라사이트 인기있는바카라사이트.
